• br Results br Discussion MSCs derived from the

  2019-07-08

  

  Results Discussion MSCs derived from the bone marrow and adipose tissue have been shown to promote the growth and metastatic ability of breast cancer and other human malignancies, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood (Barcellos-Hoff et al., 2013, Cuiffo et al., 2014, Del Pozo Martin

• CRF binds to CRF and CRF receptor subtypes

  2019-07-08

  

  CRF binds to CRF1 and CRF2 receptor subtypes, triggering downstream cascades and leading to stimulatory G protein (GsP) activation. Once activated, GsP undergoes a structural change provoking the separation of the subunits Gα and Gβγ. The Gα subunit induces the production of the second messenger cAM

• The enzyme cyclooxygenase COX or prostaglandin

  2019-07-08

  

  The enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) or prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase (PGHS) is the key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic Milrinone of (AA) into prostaglandins (PGs) [1]. In 1991, researchers found that there were two isoforms of this enzyme called COX-1 and COX-2 with independent genes and

• Initially studies of GPCRs predominantly assessed the signal

  2019-07-08

  

  Initially, studies of GPCRs predominantly assessed the signalling pathways downstream of receptors on the cell surface. There is now an understanding that GPCRs can localize to and signal from various intracellular compartments, such as the nucleus (reviewed in [40]). These intracellular pools of re

• Kinetic isotope effects KIEs inform on bond

  2019-07-08

  

  Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) inform on bond vibrational changes between the ground state (GS) and TS of a chemical reaction and remain one of the most powerful experimental techniques for interrogating TS structure. KIEs on enzyme reactions measured by the internal 4-DAMP molecular of labeled sub

• br The classical ubiquitination pathway

  2019-07-08

  

  The classical ubiquitination pathway Ubiquitination is an enzymatic process that involves the addition of an ubiquitin protein to a substrate that usually becomes inactivated followed by degradation in the proteasome; however, several other functions have also been described. For the discovery of

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Tuberculos

  2019-07-08

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Tuberculosis is caused by the mycobacterium M. tuberculosis, a pathogen able to survive in the hostile conditions through sophisticated defence mechanisms. In an attempt to clarify some aspects of the M. tuberculosis defence mechanisms, we have inves

• DL-Dithiothreitol Experimentally measured DGAT activity was

  2019-07-08

  

  Experimentally measured DGAT activity was first reported by Weiss et al. (1960) and several different types of DGAT enzyme have since been described in plants [12,41,42]. As recently as 2011 there appeared to be just two DGAT enzymes both in plants and in other eukaryotes, namely DGAT1 and DGAT2 [4

• Some limitations to our study should be noted First the

  2019-07-08

  

  Some limitations to our study should be noted. First, the sample size of our study was limited. As DDR2 mutations are rare in lung SCC, it is possible that the power of our study was insufficient to detect potential associated factors. Second, a significant proportion of the 271 sequenced patients h

• br Experimental procedures br Introduction Protein kinases r

  2019-07-08

  

  Experimental procedures Introduction Protein kinases represent one of the largest enzyme RF 9 in the human genome and act as signaling mediators in a variety of cellular processes (Manning et al., 2002). Because many diseases are associated with aberrant protein kinase activity, targeted kina

• A prominent example of such enzyme is the proteasome a

  2019-07-05

  

  A prominent example of such enzyme is the proteasome, a highly promising target not only in cancer, but also in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Circulating proteasomes and respective anti-proteasome autoantibodies were detected in serum samples from patients with autoimmune diseases such as mu

• Db model cells showed various

  2019-07-05

  

  Db model cells showed various aberrant phenotypes that seemed to reflect the pathological abnormalities found under diabetic conditions. First, in Db model cells after insulin stimulation, we found the inhibition of the transcriptional repression of the gluconeogenic genes, PCK1 and G6PC, and aberra

• In the present study it was

  2019-07-05

  

  In the present study, it was found that HepG2, H4IIE and LMH cells were inclined to remove S-metalaxyl and lead to decrease of ERs of metalaxyl, while L8824 cells were inclined to attenuate R-metalaxyl and resulted in an inverse shift of ER. These findings indicate the enantioselective accumulation

• Introduction The first reference to a possible involvement o

  2019-07-05

  

  Introduction The first reference to a possible involvement of orexins in the effects of drugs of abuse appeared in 2003 and showed that orexigenic peptide neurons respond to the chronic administration of morphine followed by abrupt withdrawal symptoms caused by opioid receptor antagonists (Georgesc

• Introduction The COMT gene is located on

  2019-07-05

  

  Introduction The COMT gene is located on chromosomal band 22q11.2, extends over 28 kb, contains six exons, and encodes for catechol-O-methyl-transferase (Weinshilboum and Raymond, 1977; Grossman et al., 1992; Lundström et al., 1995; Bearden et al., 2005). This enzyme plays a major role in regulatio

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