• carboxypeptidase In the brain hydrolysis of AG

  2022-05-10

  

  In the brain, hydrolysis of 2-AG by MGL is the primary source of AA for conversion to PGs by cyclooxygenase (Nomura et al., 2011). PGE2 production is required for IL-1β-evoked synapse loss (Mishra et al., 2012). Here, we tested whether decreased PG levels contributed to the synapse protective effect

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported by Slovak Academ

  2022-05-10

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by Slovak Academy of Sciences grants VEGA 2/0052/10 and 2/0045/10. Both clinical observations and preclinical studies suggest that hypofunction of -methyl--aspartate (NMDA) receptor is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Thus, therapeuti

• Shikonin represents naphtoquinonic compound isolated from th

  2022-05-10

  

  Shikonin represents naphtoquinonic compound isolated from the Chinese plant Lithospermum erythrorhizon[20]. Shikonin treatment inhibits AKT and ERK signaling pathways and induces apoptosis through FOXO transcription factors and mitochondrial pathway [21], [22]. Recent results suggest inhibition of l

• Ionotropic glutamate receptors GluRs are ligand gated ion ch

  2022-05-10

  

  Ionotropic glutamate receptors (GluRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate information processing at the majority of excitatory synapses in the brain and participate in such physiological processes as learning and memory, development and maintenance of cellular connections, and pain perceptio

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Postmenopausal osteoporos

  2022-05-09

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Postmenopausal osteoporosis, which is primarily caused by tnf alpha inhibitors deficiency, has been a worldwide health problem and threatens postmenopausal women of all races. An estimated 80% of osteoporosis patients in the United States are women, and approximat

• Importantly the levels of the pro inflammatory cytokines

  2022-05-09

  

  Importantly, the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β and Nf-κB, a key transcription factor in chronic inflammatory responses that is activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, were also reduced by the drugs, confirming our previous results that demonstrated anti-inflammatory effec

• emodin br Ghrelin Ghrelin was purified from rat stomach abou

  2022-05-09

  

  Ghrelin Ghrelin was purified from rat stomach about twenty years ago as a 28-amino emodin octanoylated peptide and shown to be the endogenous ligand of the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor (now termed GHSR1a, Howard et al., 1996, Kojima et al., 1999). GHSR1a is a 7-transmembrane recepto

• PBI is an agonist of GPR and acts as an

  2022-05-09

  

  PBI-4050 is an agonist of GPR40 and acts as an antagonist or inverse agonist of GPR84. It cannot be excluded that other targets besides GPR40 and GPR84 could be implicated in the mechanism of action of PBI-4050 and could be explored in future studies. However, the present study, and in particular th

• Free fatty acids FFAs which are obtained

  2022-05-09

  

  Free fatty acids (FFAs), which are obtained from dietary fat or endogenous synthesis, function as nutrients and signaling molecules. Studies have shown that free fatty DMAT receptors 1–4 which are G-protein coupled receptors, bind free fatty acids and serve as receptors for these FFAs. Short chain F

• br Materials and methods br

  2022-05-09

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Induction of neuronal cell death is the main neurotoxic mechanism of arsenite (Vahidnia et al., 2007). Previous studies have demonstrated that arsenite may trigger neuronal cell death via apoptosis, autophagy as well as necrosis (Yen et al., 2012; La

• br Discussion In response to an increase

  2022-05-09

  

  Discussion In response to an increase in glucose or DHA concentration, FBPase showed nuclear import and recruitment in a peripheral cell compartment. Interestingly, FBPase and GS were co-recruited to the periphery of the cells. This is precisely the site where glycogen is initially synthesized an

• br Results and discussion CATALYST software

  2022-05-09

  

  Results and discussion CATALYST software allows automatic pharmacophore construction by using a collection of molecules with activities ranging over a number of orders of magnitude. In addition, CATALYST pharmacophores (hypotheses) explain the variability of bioactivity with respect to the geomet

• br Materials and methods Unless stated otherwise all chemica

  2022-05-09

  

  Materials and methods Unless stated otherwise, all chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich and were of the cell culture grade. HL-1 cardiomyocytes were presented by Dr. W.C. Claycomb (Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA) [8]. Results and discussion Acknowledgeme

• It has been reported that the

  2022-05-09

  

  It has been reported that the FDP synthase in Hevea latex has a major role to produce the starter substrate FPP for the prenyl chain elongation in natural rubber biosynthesis (Takaya et al., 2003). Accumulation of HbFDP mRNA transcripts in different tissue types including latex (natural rubber) prod

• The primary or in transit

  2022-05-09

  

  The primary or in-transit site of metastasis for many cancers, including melanoma, are nearby sentinel lymph nodes (LNs) [6]. As such, sentinel LN biopsy is a common procedure to diagnose and stage melanoma progression [7,8]. Sentinel LNs are often the primary site of metastasis due to tumor cell-st

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